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In the Americas, there are several species of insectivorous, frugivorous, nectarivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous bats that have been reported as reservoirs for the rabies virus. The serological and genetic characterization denoted that the reservoir in Chile was the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. The first was reported in the USA in 1953 and the second one was in 1996 in Chile. There are two cases reported of human rabies apparently transmitted by non-hematophagous bats. In Colombia, like other countries in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, the majority of cases of human rabies transmitted by haematophagous bats have been associated with D. These species of haematophagous bats are involved in the transmission of rabies in the tropics. The haematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus, Diaemus youngi and Diphylla ecaudata are reservoirs of the rabies virus and are distributed from the Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn. Bats can carry a large number of infectious agents, but they do not suffer from the disease, and it is believed that the increase in body temperature as a result of flight increases the metabolic rate, activating mitochondria to trigger the immune cascade with interleukin production and prostaglandins, avoiding infection with the pathogens that they carry. The rabies virus and other Lyssavirus do not appear to cause disease in bats, suggesting co-evolution between the viruses and their hosts high colony densities of up to 3000 bats per square meter and repeated infections are likely to occur frequently, providing a mechanism for resistance to rabies. Bats are hosts of high viral diversity, with a high zoonotic potential. 70% of bat species are insectivorous and widely distributed worldwide.
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īats are an important ecological group in nature because of their ability to control insects, disperse seeds and pollinate. In developed countries, wild species are the principal reservoirs, and, in domestic animals, mass vaccination prevents the spread of the virus. Global mortality is estimated at 59.000 human cases per year, 95% of these cases occur in Africa and Asia, mainly from dog bites. Rabies is distributed on all continents, except Antarctica once the symptoms appear, the disease is fatal. The rabies virus belongs to the genus Lyssavirus and produces fatal acute encephalitis in humans. The natural hosts of the rabies virus include Carnivora and Chiroptera. Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects humans through saliva, bites or scratches. This is the first evidence of natural infection of the rabies virus in frugivorous bats in the Colombian Caribbean area this result is important for the surveillance and control of rabies. Twenty-three genera of bats were identified, and, in two frugivorous, Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus planirostris, amplicons were obtained and sequenced as the rabies virus. The amplicons were sequenced with the Sanger method. The extraction of the RNA was carried out from the frozen brains with Trizol™ a fragment of 914 bp of the glycoprotein G of the rabies virus was amplified with RT-PCR. The necropsy was carried out at the capture site, and brain samples were kept in liquid nitrogen. The taxonomic identification was done with dichotomous keys. 286 bats were captured, which were euthanized with a pharmacological treatment following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. In 2017, a cross-sectional study was carried out with a base-risk sampling in twelve geographic zones of the Colombian Caribbean area that included the main ecosystems of two departments. The objective was to determine the rabies virus in non-haematophagous bats in the Colombian Caribbean region. The rabies virus is a Lyssavirus, and haematophagous bats are the principal reservoir however, the virus has also been detected in non-haematophagous bats. Bats are an important ecological group within ecosystems.